ART WORK: Any materials or images that are prepared for graphic reproduction.
BACK TO BACK: Print applied to both sides of a sheet of paper.
BINDING: Various methods of securing folded sections together and or fastening them to a cover, to form single copies of a book.
BLANKET: On offset presses, a fabric-reinforced sheet of rubber to transfer the impression from the plate onto the paper.
BLANKET TO BLANKET PRESS: A printing method in which there are two blanket cylinders through which a sheet of paper is passed
and printed on both sides.
BLEED: Extra ink area that crosses trim line, used to allow for variations that occur when the reproduction is trimmed or die-cut.
BLOW-UP: Any enlargement of photos, copies, or line art.
BLUE-LINE: Photographic proof made from flats for checking accuracy, layout, and imposition before plates are made. Also known as a dylux.
BODY: The main shank or portion of the letter character other than the ascenders and descenders. Also: A term used to define the thickness or viscosity of printer's ink.
BOLDFACE: Any type that has a heavier black stroke that makes it more conspicuous.
BOND: A grade of durable writing, printing, and typing paper that has a standard size of 17x22 inches.
BOOK: A general classification to describe papers used to print books; its standard size is 25x38 inches. A printed work which contains more than 64 pages.
BROCHURE: A pamphlet that is bound in booklet form.
CAMERA READY: A term given to any copy, artwork etc., that is prepared for photographic reproduction.
CAPS AND LOWER CASE: Instructions in the typesetting process that indicate the use of a capital letter to start a sentence and the rest of the letters in lower case.
CAPS AND SMALL CAPS: Two sizes of capital letters made in one size of type.
COLLATE: To gather sheets or signatures together in their correct order.
COLOR BARS: This term refers to a color test strip, which is printed on the waste portion of a press sheet. It is a standardized (GATF-Graphic Arts Technical Foundation) process which allows
a pressman to determine the quality of the printed material relative to ink density, registration, and dot gain. It also includes the Star Target, which is a similar system designed to detect inking problems.
COLOR SEPARATING: The processes of separating the primary color components for printing. CROP: To eliminate a portion of the art or copy as indicated by crop marks.
CROP MARK: Markings at edges of original or on guide sheet to indicate the area desired in reproduction with negative or plate trimmed (cropped) at the markings.
CYAN: A shade of blue used in the four-color process; it reflects blue and green and absorbs red.
DUMMY MODEL: Resembling finished piece in every respect except that the pages and cover are blank, used by the designer as a final check on the appearance and feel of the book as a
guide for the size and position of elements on the jacket.
FONT: The characters which make up a complete typeface and size.
GRIPPER EDGE: The grippers of the printing press move the paper through the press by holding onto the leading edge of the sheet; this edge is the gripper edge.
GUTTER: Space between pages in the printing frame of a book, or inside margin towards the back or binding edge. The blank space or margin between the type page and the binding of a book.
IMAGE SETTER: High-resolution, large-format device for producing film from electronically generated page layouts.
| ITALIC: Text that is used to denote emphasis by slanting the type body forward.
LAID FINISH: A parallel lined paper that has a handmade look.
LAYOUT: A rendition that shows the placement of all the elements, roughs, thumbnails, etc., of the final printed piece before it goes to print.
LEADING: Space between lines of type; the distance in points between one baseline and the next.
LINEN: A paper that emulates the look and texture of linen cloth.
MARGIN: Imprinted space around edge of page.
MATTE FINISH: A coated paper finish that goes through minimal calendaring. Reference, calendaring.
NEGATIVE: Film that contains the same images as the original print, except that all colors and shades are reversed. Reference, positive.
OFFSET: The most commonly used printing method, whereby the printed material does not receive the ink directly from the printing plate but from an intermediary cylinder called a blanket which receives the ink from the plate and transfers it to the paper.
OPAQUE: A quality of paper that allows relatively little light to pass through.
OVER RUN: Surplus of copies printed.
PARCHMENT: A hard finished paper that emulates animal skin; used for documents, such as awards, that require writing by hand.
PERFECT BINDING: Binding process where backs of sections are cut off, roughened and glued together, and rung in a cover.
PLATE: Reproduction of type or cuts in metal, plastic, rubber, or other material, to form a plate bearing a relief, planographic, or intaglio printing surface.
POINT: A measurement unit equal to 1/72 of an inch. 12 points to a pica, 72 points to an inch.
PRESS-PROOF: Actual press sheet to show image, tone values, and colors as well as imposition of frame or press-plate.
PROCESS INKS: Printing inks, usually in sets of four colors. The most frequent combination is yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, which are printed, one over another in that order, to obtain a colored print with the desired hues, whites, blacks, and grays.
PROOF: Impression from composed type or blocks, taken for checking and correction, from a lithographic plate to check accuracy of layout, type matter, tone, and color reproduction.
REAM: 500 sheets of paper.
REGISTER MARKS: Any crossmarks or other symbols used on layout to assure proper registration.
SADDLE STITCHING: Stitching where the wire staples pass through the spine from the outside and are clinched in the center. Only used with folded sections, either single sections or two or
more sections inset to form a single section.
SCORE: Impressions or cuts in flat material to facilitate bending or tearing.
SPINE: Back edge of a book.
STOCK: A term for unprinted paper or other material to be printed.
TEXT: A high quality printing paper.
THERMOGRAPHY: A printing process whereby slow drying ink is applied to paper and while the ink is still wet, it is lightly dusted with a resinous powder. The paper then passes through a heat
chamber where the powder melts and fuses with the ink to produce a raised surface.
TRAPPING: The process of printing wet ink over printed ink which may be wet or dry.
VELLUM: A finish of paper that is rough, bulky and has a degree of tooth.
WATERMARK: A translucent logo that is embossed during the papermaking process while the paper slurry is on the dandy roll. Reference, dandy roll
WIRE STITCHING OR STAPLING: To fasten together sheets, signatures, or sections with wire staples. 3 methods... saddle stitching, side stitching, and stabbing. |
